PT boats were built in eleven US boatyards, by the end of the war 808 were built in three lengths: 70, 78 and 80 foot. Boats had a top speed of 41 knots (76 km/h 47 mph) with 4,500 horsepower. The boats were powered with three Packard 4M-2500 and later 5M-2500 supercharged gasoline-fueled, liquid-cooled V-12 marine engines. Some PTs had a 20 mm (0.79 in) Oerlikon cannon added. 50-inch (12.7 mm) M2 Browning heavy machine guns. For anti-aircraft defense they had two twin. The main anti-ship weapon was four 21-inch Mark 8 torpedoes, each with a 466-pound (211 kg) TNT warhead. PT (Patrol Torpedo) boat are well known as these small boats were heavily armed, pound for pound the deadliest boats of the war, also called motor torpedo boat. Some were station on the West Coast of the United States to support the vast training centers. Most were used in the Pacific war across the vast South Pacific, in the Island hopping campaign. The 104-foot had a cold-weather option, that added a heating system, ice protection on the hull, insulation for working around Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands. Many had the Hull classification designation Air Rescue Boats or ARB or AVR or P or C or R. Most were manned by the United States Army Air Forces. There were four standard designs used: 104-foot, 85-foot, 63-foot and 42-foot. The boats were as small as 22-foot and the largest 104-foot. These boats were fast boats used to rescue pilots, crew, and passengers from downed aircraft in search and rescue, air-sea rescue missions. By the end of World War II, America had produced 300,000 planes, creating a need to have crash rescue boats, also called Recovery Craft, stationed around the globe. Main article: Crash boats of World War IIĬrash boats of World War II were wooden speed boats built to rescue the crew of downed United States and other Allies airplanes during World War II. Treadwell wrote a book called Splinter Fleet: The Wooden Subchasers of World War II in 2000 outlining the work of the 40,000 men that served on Submarine chaser in the open seas. Submarine chasers, destroyers, destroyer escorts and Anti-submarine aircraft has ended the U-boat as a major threat in the Battle of the Atlantic. By the end of World War II, submarine chasers had sunk around 67 German U-boats. US Navy boats were armed with one 3"/50 caliber gun, one Bofors 40 mm gun, three Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, two rocket launchers, four K-guns and Mousetraps and two depth charge racks. By the time the war ended 438 sub chasers had been launched and commissioned. These are wooden 110-foot (34 m) and 98 tons boats used in anti-submarine warfare. Submarine chasers (hull designation "SC") were built to combat the threat U-boats put on merchant convoys as they departed American ports to support the Allies. Main articles: Submarine chaser, SC-1-class submarine chaser, and SC-497-class submarine chaser There was a shortage of steel and steel shipyards, so there was no debate about the need for a vast wooden fleet of boats and ships. During World War II the situation was different. In the end, both men turned in their resignation over the heated debate. William Denman, President of the Emergency Fleet Corporation supported the building of wooden ships for the war and General Goethals disapproved. During World War I there was a debate as to if wooden boats and ships should be used in war time. Many were abandoned or destroyed, a few served in the Korean war and a few in the Vietnam War, some sold to private and some donated. After the war, many of these boats were deemed not needed. The Splinter fleet is in contrast to the more common steel hull war ships and Merchant Marine ships. Some worked near shore and others working in the open ocean, called the Blue-water navy. These wooden boats ranged from 19 to 200 feet in length. Wooden boats have lighter weight and are easier to repair than steel hull boats. In addition to new boat construction, some wooden boats built between 19 were acquired for the war effort, some used as-is and others converted for war use. Some of the wooden boats went to Allied nations on the Lend-Lease program. The boats were built for the US Navy, the, United States Army Air Forces, United States Coast Guard, and US Army. Under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program and War Shipping Administration contracts went out to over fifty boatyards across the country. Many were built by craftsmen in family-owned small businesses. Most of the boats were built by boatyards that already had the tools and knowledge from building yachts, sailboats and motor boats. They could be built quickly, in just 60 to 120 days. These boats were built in small boatyards on the West coast and East coast, Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico. The boats served in many different roles during the war. Splinter fleet or Splinter navy was a nickname given to the United States wooden boats used in World War II.
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Each module ranges in price from $2.50 to $15 a year, with lifetime modules ranging from $7.50 to $45. It's really affordable with the a la carte model. Right now, I’m working on historical fiction, so I don’t need modules like species or magic. There is a limited free tier, or you can buy the modules monthly, annually, or lifetime. These include a manuscript module, as well as maps, timelines, relationships, cultures, religions, species, and more. But I’m now using it, loving it, and spending less per month than any other writing program I’ve tried.Ĭampfire currently features seventeen modules and catalogues. The “pay for what you need” model had me unsure about the value. I’ll admit I was skeptical about Campfire’s app. If you’re a serious, detailed worldbuilder, check out World Anvil. All the pricing options for the higher tiers are paid annually, but they are very affordable compared to other writing programs. There are four tiers, including a free tier. Janet and Dimitris from World Anvil joined us for ProWritingAid’s Fantasy Writer’s Week, where they took us on a full walkthrough of the software. It turns your own world into something that looks as nice as the D&D Player’s Handbook. What I love most about World Anvil is how professional it looks. And they are set up to help you monetize your worldbuilding if game creation is a field you want to break into. They have also added a manuscript feature for writing a novel or game campaigns. (Or is that just me?) There are interactive timelines and family trees, and all of these are linkable. The interactive maps are one of the coolest features, so you can say goodbye to your poorly drawn, handwritten maps on scratch paper. The program features templates for over 25 worldbuilding features, including religions, races and ethnicities, mythologies, spells, and even vehicles. If you plan on having lots of details, World Anvil is a great choice. This is the briefest overview but if you would like me to go more into detail on certain aspects, please let me know! And who knows, maybe I’ll do a mini-series….World Anvil is an all-rounder, catering to tabletop gamers, writers, and other creators alike. There are a ton of things you can do in World Anvil, like adding Maps, Timelines, making To-Do lists, even including Secrets and Spoilers. And voila! You have your own Wiki that you can call on when you’re not quite sure what color of eyes the barmaid has or when exactly the brother of your antagonist took over the throne of that one city somewhere east of that other city… Yeah. You’re never going to run out of space, so it doesn’t really matter when you continue.Īnd once you’re done with your article, you can view it. The best thing is that you don’t have to answer them all! You fill out what you know and the rest you can always add as you’re writing. So let’s say you want to start with a Character, you get all these options and ‘questions’ you can fill in. Even the things you would never think of, but are important to making a realistic world. From Characters to Items to Professions to Languages, World Anvil has a template for EVERYTHING. They have all these different templates that you can use to really bring your world to life. Good question! World Anvil is an online platform that gives you the ability to create a sort of Wiki for your WiP. And I have never regretted it at all! And today, my dear, I am hoping you will feel the same way after this post. Kind of ironic, I know.īut then I saw a post about World Anvil and I decided: what the hell, let’s check it out. I didn’t feel engaged enough to put work and effort in a blank document. And I think the biggest reason for that was because it wasn’t attractive. But needless to say, it did not work for me. I will be making a post about that real soon. The first thing I tried was making my own writer’s bible in Word. For those who don’t know anything about me as a writer, let me tell you this:īut as I started fleshing out Queen of Darkness and I realized it would become a trilogy, I also realized something else: I would need to store all of the things in a organized way. For more information, visit the Digital Negative page. With the format specification freely available, any developer can build software that supports and takes advantage of DNG. DNG allows photographers to archive their raw camera files in a single format for easy cataloging and access in the future. Digital Negative was developed to address the lack of an open standard for the proprietary and unique raw files created by each digital camera. The Adobe DNG Converter is a free utility that enables you to easily convert camera-specific raw files from more than 700 cameras to the more universal DNG raw format.
Using wits and brute strength, murders can be solved a number of different ways to keep players guessing throughout each suspenseful investigation. To help track the killer and solve the mysteries behind Condemned 2: Bloodshot, players crack open an all-new set of high-tech forensic tools. As Ethan, players engage in visceral combat using a variety of firearms, blunt instruments and a new fighting system complete with defensive and offensive combo chains, as well as grapples and holds. Fighting inner demons throughout his one-man investigation into a sinister conspiracy, Ethan needs to use anything and everything in the environment to survive as he unravels the mysteries shrouding the city in darkness. The disturbing events from Ethan's past have left him a broken man – a desperate burnout drifting aimlessly through society in an inexplicable decline. Players assume the identity of Ethan Thomas, former Serial Crimes Unit investigator, who has been called back to duty to track down his missing partner. Following a string of gruesome murders, players must use their deductive skills and brute force to track down sadistic serial killers. Following a string of gruesome murders, players must use their deductive skills and brute force to track down Featuring new fighting mechanics and online multiplayer functionality, Condemned 2: Bloodshot is a first-person action thriller immersing players in a world of psychological terror. Summary: Featuring new fighting mechanics and online multiplayer functionality, Condemned 2: Bloodshot is a first-person action thriller immersing players in a world of psychological terror.Enslaved Odyssey To The West+All DLC [6.Earth Defense Force Insect Armageddon.Dynasty Warriors Gundam Reborn+All DLC *.DreamWorks Madagascar Escape 2 Africa *.Dragon Quest Builders Alefgard o Fukkatsu Niseyo *.Dot Hack Sekai no Mukou ni Versus Hybrid Pack *. Disney Infinity 2.0 Edition Marvel Super Heroes *.Disney Epic Mickey 2 The Power of Two *.Diablo 3 Reaper of Souls Ultimate Evil Edition+All DLC *.Deus Ex Human Revolution Directors Cut.Destroy All Humans Path of The Furon *.Deception 4 The Nightmare Princess+All DLC *.
Warning: The process of creating the bootable installer will erase the contents of the selected drive volume.Īpple has posted instructions in its support area for Preparing Your Fusion Drive Mac for the macOS High Sierra Install. You’ll also need to create a bootable macOS High Sierra installer a 16 GB or larger USB flash drive or an external drive can serve this purpose. This can be an existing Time Machine drive as long as it’s formatted as HFS+. You’ll need a drive partitioned as HFS+ for the Time Machine backup. Nevertheless, even if you decide to create a clone, we highly recommend you also create a Time Machine backup, especially if the clone is the only copy of your data you will have. It seems you should also be able to perform this task by creating a clone using Carbon Copy Cloner or one of the other popular cloning tools. Instead, you’re required to back up your current data with Time Machine, erase and reformat the affected drive(s), install macOS High Sierra, and then migrate your backed up data to the fresh install.Īpple includes instructions for the process, specifically using Time Machine as the backup app. Unfortunately, Apple isn’t providing any tools to revert the file system. If you converted a Fusion drive during the beta, it needs to be reverted to HFS+ before you can install macOS High Sierra. Instead, it’s releasing macOS High Sierra with APFS only for Macs using SSDs (Solid State Drives). Apple backed away from its original goal of having APFS ready to go for all Mac configurations. If you’re a beta tester, you may have a slightly more difficult time upgrading than the rest of us it all depends on whether you installed the new APFS (Apple File System) during the beta testing. Note : Before upgrading to any new or updated operating system, it’s a good idea to have a current backup in place. With that in mind, here are some of the more common problems you may encounter when upgrading to macOS High Sierra. We’re always grateful that new versions of the operating system go through an extensive beta process, but it always seems a few issues will still be lurking, ready to pop up and surprise us. (macOS High Sierra’s initial install screen.) It endured the summer beta program, and is now available through the Mac App Store for anyone to download and install. MacOS High Sierra is finally ready for release. In 2002, the song was listed at #1 in a Guinness World Records poll as Britain’s favourite single of all time-ranking higher than four Beatles tracks and “Imagine” by John Lennon.Ĭomplex and operatic both musically and lyrically, “Bohemian Rhapsody” (like Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway to Heaven” and The Eagles‘ “Hotel California”) has attracted endless fan theories and commentary. Seventeen years after its initial release, “Bohemian Rhapsody” re-entered the pop charts in the US, peaking at #2 after being featured in the 1992 hit movie Wayne’s World. It became an international success, reaching #1 in seven countries and peaking at #9 in the United States. Widely considered to be one of the greatest songs of all time, “Bohemian Rhapsody” was the first single released from Queen’s fourth studio album, A Night at the Opera. Despite reaching Number 1 twice in the UK charts, it only reached Number 9 on its initial release on the Billboard chart and Number 6 on the rival Cash Box chart.įreddie Mercury and Brian May performing live on stage in 1975.Too late, my time has come Sends shivers down my spine, body's aching all the time Goodbye, everybody, I've got to go Gotta leave you all behind and face the truth Mama, ooh (Any way the wind blows) I don't wanna die I sometimes wish I'd never been born at all I see a little silhouetto of a man Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango? Thunderbolt and lightning, very, very frightening me (Galileo) Galileo, (Galileo) Galileo, Galileo Figaro magnifico But I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves me He's just a poor boy from a poor family Spare him his life from this monstrosity Easy come, easy go, will you let me go? Bismillah! No, we will not let you go (Let him go) Bismillah! We will not let you go (Let him go) Bismillah! We will not let you go (Let me go) Will not let you go (Let me go) Will not let you go (Never, never, never, never let me go) Ah No, no, no, no, no, no, no (Oh, mamma mia, mamma mia) Mamma mia, let me go Beelzebub has a devil put aside for me, for me, for me!. Mark and Colleen Hayward/Redferns/Getty Images Queen in Freddie Mercury's flat, Holland Road, West Kensington in 1974. From that point on, Queen would shoot a video for every single - and a lot of other artists followed suit. It wasn't the first pop video ever made, but was certainly the most influential - the single's nine week reign at No 1 was attributed to the effectiveness of the clip. The promo video was made on 10 November 1975 at the soundstage where Queen were rehearsing for their first date in Liverpool four days later. The band were concerned that trying to mime to the song on TV would be awkward, plus they were about to set off on a UK tour that would take them through to Christmas Eve. The clip was shot by director Bruce Gowers at Elstree studios in Borehamwood - now the home of EastEnders and Big Brother.
When teachers scaffold instruction, they typically break up a learning experience, concept, or skill into discrete parts, and then give students the assistance they need to learn each part. That said, the two approaches are distinct in several ways. Because scaffolding and differentiation techniques are used to achieve similar instructional goals-i.e., moving student learning and understanding from where it is to where it needs to be-the two approaches may be blended together in some classrooms to the point of being indistinguishable. DifferentiationĪs a general instructional strategy, scaffolding shares many similarities with differentiation, which refers to a wide variety of teaching techniques and lesson adaptations that educators use to instruct a diverse group of students, with diverse learning needs, in the same course, classroom, or learning environment. One of the main goals of scaffolding is to reduce the negative emotions and self-perceptions that students may experience when they get frustrated, intimidated, or discouraged when attempting a difficult task without the assistance, direction, or understanding they need to complete it. For example, if students are not at the reading level required to understand a text being taught in a course, the teacher might use instructional scaffolding to incrementally improve their reading ability until they can read the required text independently and without assistance. In addition, scaffolding is often used to bridge learning gaps-i.e., the difference between what students have learned and what they are expected to know and be able to do at a certain point in their education. Scaffolding is widely considered to be an essential element of effective teaching, and all teachers-to a greater or lesser extent-almost certainly use various forms of instructional scaffolding in their teaching. Like physical scaffolding, the supportive strategies are incrementally removed when they are no longer needed, and the teacher gradually shifts more responsibility over the learning process to the student. The term itself offers the relevant descriptive metaphor: teachers provide successive levels of temporary support that help students reach higher levels of comprehension and skill acquisition that they would not be able to achieve without assistance. In education, scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process. It is this feeling of expansion in enclosed interiors that is responsible for the deeper restorative experience that observers have reported for over a decade. Virtual Aquarium at Melco City of Dreams in Macau, China from Falcon's Creative Group on Vimeo. Instead, these illusions of sky reduce mental agitation and evoke a visceral feeling of expansion while engaging our organs of perception. The Melco Virtual Aquarium Show is an abstract effects experience combining live-action footage with state of the art 3D animation to create a stunning experience you can find only at the City of Dreams. Sky Factory's illusions of nature™ are a visual technology that goes beyond distracting the viewer with a backlit image. This phenomenon, backed by published research, endows our installations with the ability to engross observers in an optical illusion that yields meaningful therapeutic benefits for mind and body. The result are Open Sky Compositions that are not only beautiful depictions of sky events, but simultaneously engage spatial cognition. OPEN SKIESĭesigned and manufactured according to a proprietary framework called Open Skies Image Technology, artists, engineers, and craftspeople collaborate in the creation of images that have a multisensory effect on the human physiology. As the only research-verified virtual skylights in the world, our illusions of nature are unique. Sky Factory's Luminous Sk圜eilings™ are the only LED Sky Ceilings that have earned international recognition for both research and architectural design. Learn more about the only research-verified virtual skylights in the world He is more remote than heaven, he is deeper than the underworld. …Amun, who keep himself concealed from them, who hides himself from the gods, no one knowing his nature. In the following Egyptian hymn, one of these names is These names were considered to be both powerful and secret they were difficult to discover and kept from the public. These magical names were commonly invoked to improve romance, business, or health aid in legal matters or political conflicts or seek revenge or justice. Simply by discovering this name you would have the power to control them to force them to do your bidding. Integral to this practice was the belief that each spirit or god had a secret, magical name. Glover, 16-17)īesides divination, the most common magical practice consisted in ‘demonology’ – which meant calling on ‘daimons’ (which were not evil, but rather various kinds of spiritual beings) or gods or goddesses to obtain your desired result. Nor if they foretell, do they fail to give us ways to learn what they foretell nor, if they give us such ways, is there no divination therefore, there is divination. Therefore no gods, no foretelling but there are gods therefore they foretell. But neither do they not love men, for they are benefactors and friends to mankind nor are they ignorant of what they themselves appoint and ordain nor is it of no importance to us to know the future – for we shall be more careful if we do nor do they count it alien to their majesty, for there is nothing nobler than kindness nor are they unable to foreknow. If there are gods and they do not declare the future to men then either they do not love men or they are ignorant of what is to happen or they think it of no importance to men to know it or they do not think it consistent with their majesty to tell men or the gods themselves are unable to indicate it. A formal argument, attributed by Cicero to the Stoics in his treatise on divination, is a rigorous example of classical logic: Glover 16)įamous oracles such those at Delphi were esteemed and consulted by Emperors and the state before making big decisions in policy, or generals before beginning a war. “I see no race of men,” wrote Cicero, “however polished and educated, however brutal and barbarous, which does not believe that warnings of future events are given and may be understood and announced by certain persons.” (qtd. Another trend that is necessary to understand in the formation of Christianity is the widespread use of magic – most exceptionally divination. #loading required libraries library(tidyverse) library(reshape2) library(ggthemes) library(gganimate) library(gifski) #loading dataset suicide_data% select("ï.country","year" ,"sex","suicides_no") %>% rename("country"="ï.country" ) #function to sum the total suicide per country n% filter(country=x) sum(suicide2$suicides_no) } #return a list with all total deaths per country country_total% arrange(desc(Total_Suicides)) df3<-head(df2,n=10) write.csv(df3,"./ARTICLES/suicide rates/total_suicide.csv") #plotting the top 10 countries leading in the total suicide rates ggplot(df3,aes(reorder(Country,Total_Suicides),Total_Suicides,fill=as.factor(Country)))+ geom_col()+ coord_flip(clip = "off", expand = FALSE)+ guides( fill = FALSE) + labs(title="TOTAL SUICIDE DEATHS PER COUNTRY FROM 1985-2016", y="Total Suicides Per Country", x="Country")+ scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + geom_text(aes(label = paste(Total_Suicides,"")), hjust = 1) We are going to use the following code to clean the data and subset only the columns we are going to work with. The inspiration was to come up with suicide preventing strategies across the various countries. The data compares socio-economic info with suicide rates per country from 1985 to 2016. The Suicide Rate data is obtained from Kaggle after being compiled from different sources (WHO, UNDP, World Bank). #stable version of the package can be installed using install.packages(“gganimate”) #latest development version can be obtained by devtools::install_github(“thomasp85/gganimate”). In this article, we are going to learn how to create beautiful animations using R package, gganimate. How do you create appealing animations that are insightful? Animating data is like breathing life into dust, it’s an act of creation. Visually appealing charts easily draw our attention. The most important thing about visualization is when it forces us to realize something we didn’t know. |
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